Penalties for recruitment and use of children by the military, or for the military’s use of civilian populations for forced labor, are also not sufficient for the seriousness of the crime. The vulnerability of Rohingya children to the worst forms of child labor remained high as many continued to be denied access to education and livelihoods because of restrictions on their movements imposed by the regime. Children in Burma are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the forced recruitment of children for use in armed conflict and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. While Burma took at least one step to address child labor-the drafting of a hazardous work list for children-the list was not published during the reporting period. The national military continued to force civilians, including children, to work in non-combat roles as porters, cleaners, cooks, and agricultural laborers in conflict areas, including Rakhine, during the reporting period. Burma is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated a practice of being complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents. The return of a military regime and the resulting instability severely impacted the ability of Burma to fully engage in addressing the worst forms of child labor throughout the country. On February 1, 2021, Burma's military launched a coup and seized control of the state from the democratically elected civilian government. In 2021, Burma is receiving an assessment of no advancement.
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